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Seismic tomography studies in northeastern (NE) Japan have revealed the existence of inclined seismic low-velocity zones at depths shallower than •` 150 km in the mantle wedge sub-parallel to the subducted slab, which probably correspond to the upwelling flow portion of the subduction-induced convection. The inclined low-velocity zone attains the Moho right beneath the volcanic front or the Ou Backbone Range, suggesting that the volcanic front is formed by this hot upwelling flow. Aqueous fluids supplied from the suducted slab are transported upward through this upwelling flow, and thus reach to shallow levels along the Backbone Range. They are expelled from solidified magma and further migrate upward. Existence of aqueous fluids perhaps weakens the strength of the crustal rocks surrounding them. It is expected that this causes contractive deformation locally concentrated along the Backbone Range under the compressional stress field in this volcanic arc. A strain rate distribution map estimated from GPS data shows notable concentration of east-west contraction along the Backbone Range, consistent with the above expectation. Based on these observations, we propose a simple model to explain the deformation pattern of the arc crust and the characteristic shallow seismic activity beneath NE Japan.

Crustal Deformation and Shallow Seismic Activity beneath the Northeastern Japan Arc