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Ad dress for Cor res pon den ce: Ghada F. Mohammed MD, Suez Canal University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Ismailia, Egypt Phone: +002 064-3313670 E-mail: dr_ghada77@hotmail.com ORCID ID: orcid.org/0000-0003-3074-1347 Received: 01.02.2021 Ac cep ted: 05.02.2021 ©Copyright 2021 by the Society of Academy of Cosmetology and Dermatology / Journal of the Turkish Academy of Dermatology published by Galenos Publishing House. Introduction Alopecia areata (AA) is an unpredictable, medical condition in which there is nonscarring hair loss from some or all hair-bearing areas of the body, usually from the scalp [1,2]. According to the hair loss extension, AA classified into localized or patchy AA (LAA), complete loss scalp hair or alopecia totalis, and total body hair loss with alopecia universalis (AU) [3]. The pathogenesis is complex and involve the interplay of multiple factors, as immunological, environmental, psychological, and genetic factors; however, the exact factors are unknown [4]. Role of cellular immunity and T-helper1 (Th1) cytokines as interferon-γ (IFN-γ) and interleukin-2 (IL-2) in AA was reported [5], humeral immunity and Th2 cytokines as (IL-4, IL-5 and IL-13) are also incriminated in the pathogenesis of AA [6,7]. IL-4 and IL-13 stimulate the transcription of IgE in B-cells through Ig constant region genes [8,9]. Unfortunately, the mechanism in which IL-4 and IgE may interact in the pathogenesis of AA is unknown [6,10,11].

Immunoglobulin E and Serum Interleukin-4 in Patients with Alopecia Areata and Its Correlation to the Severity of the Disease