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Climate, climate change and economic impact : Thirty six years observations weather at Aire-sur-l’Adour The rural « aturine » area (Atura was the ancient name of Aire-sur-l’Adour) is located in Gascogne, in the South-west of France, at about 100km from Atlantic Ocean and Pyrenees. The southern and eastern parts of this area is a zone of rolling hills, low plateaus not exceeding 200m in altitude cut by the Adour valley and its tributaries. These areas are made up of soils of fine texture, mostly loams where the dominant crop is maize mixed with pastures and locally vineyards. This domain consists of small regions called “Armagnac”, Tursan, Chalosse and Madiran. In the middle of the area, the wide Adour valley (and tributaries) has loamy soils with mixed vegetations : pastures with hedges and trees, maize and soya. Loamy grounds and southern oceanic climate (same latitude that the Riviera) with hot temperatures and heavy rainfall in summer are appropriate for maize. The agricultural revolution in the years 1960-80 with mechanization, clearing of woods and moors, regrouping of compartmental agrarian, the irrigation in summer, the drainage of the grounds and the introduction of the hybrids drove to a highly productive agriculture. The local agriculture is based on intensive maize culture (grains and seeds), the bovine, geese and ducks breeding and some well-known vineyards (Madiran, Tursan and Armagnac). Thirty six years of meteorological observations and the existence of four stations in Aire/Adour make it possible to draw the features of the local climate and to highlight the actual mutations of climate. The CNES (Centre National des Expériences Spatiales) was specialised in the launching of stratospheric balloons in Aire-sur-l’Adour. The CNES was the origin of Aire-sur-l’Adour. Huge balloons are launched to stratosphere with "scientific experiments" in a gondola as telescope, radiometers, spectrometers for stars observations, variations of ozone layer. Later, three others stations were created which allow a fine study of the topoclimates. But local climate like world climate is changing, temperature is increasing, droughts become more frequent, average precipitation is lowering. Maize monoculture uses a big lot of water, but water deficit in summer (irrigation), shortage of water will become a big problem in future.

Climat local, changements climatiques et impact économique : trente six ans d’observations météorologiques à Aire-sur-l’Adour