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The presence of a transparent conductive electrode such as indium tin oxide (ITO) limits the reliability and cost price of organic photovoltaic devices as it is brittle and expensive. Moreover, the relative high sheet resistance of an ITO electrode on flexible substrates limits the maximum width of a single cell. Holst Centre and ECN have developed an alternative ITO-free transparent anode, based on a solution processed high conductive and transparent PEDOT:PSS layer in combination with a printed current collecting grid. Screen printed silver grids can yield sheet resistances down to 1 Ohm/Sq with a surface coverage of only ca 5%. The efficiency of a flexible device with an active area of 4 cm2 with such a grid is much higher than a similar device based on ITO. Furthermore, as this composite anode is solution-processed, it is an important step forward towards low-cost large area processing. Moreover, initial experiments indicate that the stability of ITO-free devices is higher than the stability of standard devices based on ITO. This work will ultimately contribute toward fully printed devices, which will provide low-cost manufacturing and improved stability of organic photovoltaic modules.

TOWARDS LOW COST, EFFICIENT AND STABLE ORGANIC PHOTOVOLTAIC MODULES