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The most serious clinical manifestations of bloodstream infections (BSI), sepsis and septic shock, are urgent conditions requiring prompt initiation of adequate antimicrobial therapy [1]. In septic shock, every hour of delayed upstart of effective antimicrobial therapy was associated with a decrease in survival rate, thus falling from 82.7% initially to 42% after six hours of hypotension duration [2]. Rapid identification of microorganisms directly from blood cultures after flagging positive is the first step in shortening the diagnostic process. A number of molecular methods for direct identification from blood cultures have been described, including multiplex real-time PCR [3]. After matrixassisted laser desorption ionizationtime of flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry (MS) was introduced in microbiological laboratories in the last decade [4], development of rapid in-house [5,6] and commercial methods (Sepsityper Kit, Bruker Daltonics, Germany) for direct identification of organisms from positive blood cultures have been reported.

Perspectives on Improved Therapy of Septicemia by Rapid Bacterial Identification Using MALDI-TOF MS and Rapid Susceptibility Testing