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This paper presents an overview of the Japanese national innovation systems, with comparison with a United States innovation system. Current innovation systems in Japan and the United States are in a position of transition. The key drivers behind the adaptation process are forming one hand, globalization of economies and from the other hand, sustainable development. The analysis indicates that in the history of both systems there is an obvious trend to learn from common whether success or failures. Therefore, the differences between the systems observed in previous decades are nowadays less evident. Thus, the transition process in both systems is leaded by concerted national actions. However, the transition in Japan, currently in a more progressive stage, shows a superior “systemic approach” guided by comprehensive plans, effective government policy reforms and roadmaps for medium and long-term strategies. As an important reflection from this analysis we consider that from a systemic perspective, models of collaboration are less relevant that the benefit implicit in the simple action of collaborating.

Overview of the Japanese Innovation Systems vs. the American Innovation System