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Global climate change and continuous and rapid economic development are the main facts behind the degradation in biodiversity and hence the degradation in ecosystem functions. Degradation in diversity of plant species within an ecosystem is considered as one of the most important factors affecting its productivity and stability. This paper presents two case studies which document a sound data, from important geographic regions, about the clear and direct impact of climate change and human interference on diversity degradation in Sudan. The first case study is Erkwit plateau in the semi desert in northeastern Sudan where species density and frequency were drastically changed over the period (1956-2017). Trees, Shrubs and under shrubs of three selected sites (zones) were studied during the wet season in February 2017 and species list was prepared and compared with the floristic composition reported for the same sites in the periods 1956 and 1986. Differences in species richness and frequency were recorded and the possible cause behind these differences is suggested to be a human interference factor. The second case study is El Gaab oasis in the desert in northern Sudan. The conducted survey reported the presence of clusters of different sized vegetation mounds scattered in the studied areas. The majority of these mounds contain only dead plants and few still have living plants on the top. The plant species that forms the structure of these mounds were identified as Tamarix aphylla. Climate change is suggested to be the main cause of the diversity degradation in this area.

Plant Diversity Degradation in Desert and Semi Desert Zones in Sudan (Case Studies: Erkwit and El Gaab Oasis)