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Background: It is difficult to find microscopic studies that can demonstrate the effect of combined administration of nicotine and caffeine on the mucosa of the rat urinary bladder. Aim of work: So, the current study aimed at demonstration of histological and p53 immuno-histochemical expression of the mucosa of rat urinary bladder as a marker sharing in process of apoptosis following the combined administration of nicotine and caffeine. Materials and methods: The animals were divided randomly into 4 groups: control, Nicotine, caffeine and combined Nicotine and Caffeine. The urinary bladder was processed and stained with hematoxylin and eosin stain, histochemically by PAS and immunohistochemically by Anti p53 antibodies. Results: After nicotine there was apparent increase in the layers of epithelium with intraepithelial lymphocytes. The strong PAS positive reaction of the basal layer together with P53 positive expression of few lamina propria cells was evident. After caffeine, the epithelial layers and mononuclear cells of the lamina propria were increased. There was a marked decrease in the PAS positive reacting cells of the superficial cell layer. The groups that have administered combine caffeine and nicotine; there were focal areas of epithelial erosion with proliferating basal layers. There was a strong PAS positive reaction under the basal layer and p53 positive expression of many lamina propria cells. Conclusion: The present study had concluded that the chronic administration of combined nicotine and caffeine could result in epithelial hyperplasia associated with positive P53 expression in nuclei of lamina propria cells of the urinary bladder mucosa.

The Role of Combined Nicotine and Caffeine Administration on the Histological Structure of the Rat Urinary Bladder with a Special Reference to P53