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Background: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are ~22 nt single-stranded, non-coding RNAs that generally negatively regulate their target mRNAs at a posttranscriptional level. Differential expression of miRNAs has been observed in many human cancers. Methods: To study their potential role in the pathogenesis of human papillomavirus (HPV) type 16-associated cervical neoplasia and cancer, we analyzed miRNA expression in cervical tissue from the normal cervix, moderate/ severe dysplasia, and invasive squamous cell carcinoma.  Results: Using RNA from six cervical cancers, three dysplasias, and four normal samples and the TaqMan® MicroRNA Arrays, we found that 18 miRNAs were overexpressed and 2 underexpressed in cervical cancer compared to normal cervical tissue. We further demonstrated via individual TaqMan® MicroRNA Assays that 8 miRNAs (miRs- 16, 21, 106b, 135b, 141, 223, 301b, and 449a) were significantly overexpressed and 2 miRNAs (miRs-218 and 433) were significantly underexpressed in cervical cancer compared to normal cervical tissue. MiR-21, miR-135b, miR- 223, and miR-301b were overexpressed in cervical cancer compared to both cervical dysplasia and normal tissue. MiR-218 was similarly underexpressed in cervical cancer compared to dysplasia and normal tissue. Conclusions: Our results suggest that ten miRNAs can delineate cervical cancer from normal cervical tissue, and five miRNAs may have potential as markers for progression from dysplasia to invasive cervical disease.

MicroRNA Analysis in Human Papillomavirus (HPV)-Associated Cervical Neoplasia and Cancer