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Background: There are only few data on treatment compliance and radiation associated toxicities that occurred in old patients with cancer undergoing radiation therapy. The aim is to learn more about treatment compliance and adverse events that occurred during radiotherapy in elderly subjects compared to young subjects. Methods: Our work is a prospective case-control study, conducted between January and November 2016. Included patients underwent radiation therapy with curative intent for various malignant tumours. 242 Patients were separated into 2 groups, according to age (cut-off 65 years). Patients and tumours characteristics were examined as well as treatment specificities. The two groups were compared in terms of treatment related toxicities and treatment compliance. Radiation associated toxicities were assessed weekly during the radiotherapy. Results: The age distribution of the group “old patients” and “young patients” was 72.4 ± 5 and 48.4 ± 8.6 respectively. There was no significant difference in terms of toxicities according to the age group. For old patients, maximal acute toxicity was grade 3–4 in 20 patients (17%) and for young patients maximal acute toxicity was grade 3–4 in 26 patients (21%). For treatment compliance, a statistically significant difference was found between old and young patients. For old patients, the scheduled RT course was completed by 96 patients (81.3%) In the other group, RT course was completed by 116 patients (93.5%). For old patients living place, dose of radiotherapy and toxicity grade were associated with good compliance and for young patient only sex was associated with good compliance. Conclusion: Age alone should not be considered independently. Living condition as well as the prescribed dose should be assessed and incorporated into treatment plans.

Treatment Compliance and Radiation Associated Toxicities in Old Versus Young Patients: Prospective Comparative Case-Control Study