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Cancer is the leading cause of death worldwide estimating 12.7 million new cancer diagnoses and 7.6 million deaths in the year 2012 [1]. It is estimated that new cancer diagnoses will double by 2020 and nearly triple by 2030 [2]. However, cancer death can be reduced or prevented if detected at their early stages. Conventional histopathology, immunohistochemistry or image based screening tools such as mammography for breast cancer and chest X-ray for lung cancer may render specific detection of cancer, but may not be sensitive enough for early detection of the disease. Moreover, some of these tools are invasive and therefore, it is imperative to develop noninvasive techniques that distinguish between patients with and without cancer, as well as between stages of cancer. The introduction of advanced sophisticated technologies like proteomics [3], mass spectrometry, microarray (mRNA, micro RNA [4], protein, lectin, glycan [5]), automated DNA sequencing, comparative genomic hybridization, and epigenetics (DNA methylation) have allowed to search for new cancer biomarkers that may be useful for non-invasive (or minimally invasive) early detection from biological fluids such as serum, urine, sputum as well as fluid-derived exosomes [6] and circulating tumor cells [7] and thereby prevention of the disease.

Methylated DNA as Promising Marker for Early Diagnosis of Cancer