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The need to investigate viable methods to facilitate correct disposal of high-water content waste is immediate in the scenario of water source degradation. In this context, Closed Geotextile Systems (CGS) have shown promise for dewatering a variety of high water-content sediments, aiming to reduce the waste final volume, encapsulating particles, and at the same time allowing fluid drainage. Especially in Water Treatment Plants, the geotextiles generally employed in these systems have good tensile strength and rigidity to support mechanical solicitations and hydraulic properties that warrant good drainage conditions. In these applications, the geotextile element should assure the waste confinement and retention of some particles that will form a filter cake which will control internal flow conditions. The present work investigated how small portions of sand influence fine-particle retention. The sludge used consisted of a mixture of filtered water with two well-defined fractions of ground quartz: FG, a silt and CG, a fine sand. The results show that small amounts of sand are capable of leading to the formation of a pre-filter, even if the maximum diameter of the fine particles is much less than the geotextile filtration opening size.  The test results indicate that the retention efficiency gradually increases as CG increases in the solution, up to a fraction of CG close to 14%, which represents only 0.7% of the total solution mass. The increase in particle retention was directly proportional to the increase in the GC fraction until reaching the filtration efficiency of approximately 72% where it stabilizes.

Influence of sand addition in the early stage retention of fine sludge dewatering by geotextile