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Background: The present cross sectional study was carried out on 516 subjects with type 2 diabetes from a tertiary health care hospital to identify the prevalence and predictors of cognitive impairment in diabetes. Materials and Methods: Cognitive impairment was tested using Mini Mental Scale Examination (MMSE), Trail making tests-A and B (TMT-A and TMT-B). Efficiency of these tests to diagnose cognitive impairment was analysed using reliability index (Cronbach's α = 0.82), which ruled out any internal inconsistency. Of the study participants, 174 (33.73%) met the criteria for cognitive impairment and 342 (66.27%) were having normal cognition. Out of 174, 156 diabetic subjects (89.65 percent) were not diagnosed for neurocognitive impairment prior participation. Results: Cognitive impairment was observed to be strongly associated with being a woman (P < 0.001), divorced or separated (P = 0.007), sedentary life style (P = 0.001), smoking (P < 0.001), drinking alcohol (P < 0.001), systolic blood pressure >120 mmHg (P = 0.003), triglycerides (TG) >150 mg/dl (P = 0.001), high density lipoprotein <40 mg/dl (P = 0.001), statin use (P = 0.009), waist hip ratio in both males and females (P = 0.001), glucose levels >125 mg/dl (P = 0.005) and duration of diabetes >2 years upto 10 years and more than 10 years (P = 0.001) in univariate testing. In multivariate logistic regression model, being a woman was an independent risk factor for cognitive decline, which is two fold higher (OR 2.00 95%CI 1.25-3.20, P = 0.004) than being a man. Other risk factors like glucose levels > 125 mg/dl, systolic blood pressure >120 mmHg, sedentary life style and duration of diabetes >10 years emerged as independent predictors of cognitive impairment in diabetes. Conclusion: In conclusion, the present study revealed that higher prevalence of cognitive impairment in diabetes is evident in population of Punjab, especially in women and majority of these patients remain undiagnosed for it.

The prevalence and predictors of cognitive impairment in type 2 diabetic population of Punjab, India