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In human and veterinary therapeutics, approximately 3000 different drugs are used and prescribed in high quantities.1 The main substance classes are steroidal hormones, antimicrobials and pharmaceuticals and their metabolites.1,2 These compounds could become problematic in the environment, because >80% of the drugs pass the body without being biotransformed, and furthermore their elimination in sewage treatment plants is incomplete.1,3 Additionally, the compounds are constructed for a specific intended effect on living beings, and therefore show intrinsic physico-chemical behavior.4 Since the compounds are chemically different and peer-reviewed ecotoxicological data is available for less than 1% of human pharmaceuticals, the effects on most trophic levels of aquatic life are hard to predict for a single substance or a mix of various ones.5-8 The purpose of this study was to identify the impact of pharmaceuticals commonly found in surface waters on immune cells of harbor seals (Phoca vitulina) in vitro. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from captive seals and a seal B lymphoma cell line (11B7501)9 were exposed to selected single substances. Compounds of interest were analgesics (ibuprofen, naproxen), psychoactive substances (carbamazepine, paroxetine), antibiotics (erythromycin, sulfamethoxazole, trimethoprim), cholesterol lowering compounds (gemfibrozil), steroidal hormones (ethynyl estradiol) and caffeine.

Several pharmaceuticals impaired harbor seal lymphocytes (Phoca vitulina) in vitro