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espanolRESUMEN El objetivo de este trabajo fue realizar la caracterizacion tecnico-administrativa de los sistemas de produccion bovino de leche de pequena escala ubicados en la vereda El Penon, (municipio de Sibate/Colombia). El estudio se llevo a cabo durante los meses de noviembre/2016 a abril/2017. La informacion fue obtenida a traves de entrevistas semiestructuradas con 18 productores. Para la identificacion de los sistemas se indago variables tecnico-productivas y la caracterizacion incluyo el analisis de los componentes: a) Localizacion, aspectos biofisicos, paisaje, uso y manejo de la tierra; b) Recurso forrajero y alimentacion; c) Recurso animal; d) Reproduccion y salud; e) Produccion de leche, comercializacion pecuaria y gestion empresarial; f) Mano de obra, infraestructura y equipos; y g) Informacion propietario. Se realizo un analisis de conglomerados y correspondencias multiples utilizando el paquete estadistico SAS (Statistical analysis system, version 9,4). Los resultados del analisis de conglomerados mostraron la conformacion de 4 grupos clasificados como: lecheria especializada, semiespecializada, pequena escala y familiar dada su heterogeneidad del modelo productivo. Se identificaron 5 sistemas de pequena escala y el analisis de correspondencias multiples mostro relacion entre variables cualitativas y componentes evidenciando un modelo tecnologico basado en una produccion semiintensiva con adecuacion de infraestructura y adquisicion de tecnologia de bajo costo con bajas estrategias de alimentacion validadas. Utilizacion de recurso animal de baja calidad genetica con reducida implementacion de programas de mejoramiento y biotecnologias reproductivas y planes sanitarios y minimas practicas de bienestar animal y buenas practicas de ordeno. Adicionalmente, limitadas redes de comercializacion y estrategias de gestion empresarial. En conclusion, los sistemas se desarrollan en condiciones heterogeneas, lo que obedece a la formulacion de diversos modelos productivos. La caracterizacion de los sistemas de pequena escala es necesaria para identificar recomendaciones a nivel tecnologico y la intervencion de politicas para el mejoramiento y fortalecimiento de los sistemas productivos. EnglishABSTRACT The objective of this work was to carry out the technical-administrative characterization of smallholder of milk production systems located in the village of El Penon, in the town of Sibate/Colombia. The study was carried out during the months of November/2016 to April/2017. The information was obtained through semi-structured interviews with 18 producers. For the identification of the systems, technical-productive variables were investigated and the characterization included the analysis of components: a) Location, biophysical aspects, landscape, use and land management; b) Forage resources and food; c) Animal resources; d) Reproduction and health; e) Milk production, livestock marketing and business management; f) Handing, infrastructure and equipment; and g) Owner information. A cluster analysis and multiple correspondences analysis using the statistical package SAS (Statistical analysis system, version 9.4). The results of the cluster analysis were shown the conformation of 8 groups classified as: specialized dairy, semispecialized, smallholder and small farm given to heterogeneity of the productive model. Five smallholder systems were identified, the analysis of multiple correspondences showed a relationship between qualitative variables and components evidencing a technological model based on a semi-intensive production with adequate infrastructure and acquisition of low cost technology with low validated feeding strategies. The use of low genetic quality animal resources with reduced implementation of breeding programs and reproductive biotechnologies and healthy plans and the lack of practices of animal welfare and good milking practices. Additionally, limited marketing networks and business management strategies. In conclusion, the systems are developed in heterogeneous conditions, which is due to the formulation of different production models. The characterization of smallholder systems is necessary to identify technological recommendations and the intervention of policies for the improvement and strengthening of productive systems.

Caracterización técnico-administrativa de los sistemas de producción bovino de leche de pequeña escala en una región central de Colombia