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The cuboid facet of the navicular bone is an irregular flat surface, present in non-human primates and some human ancestors. In modern humans, it is not always present and it is described as an “occasional finding”. To date, there is not eno ugh da a about its incidence in ancient and contemporary populations, nor a biomechanical explanation about its presence or absence. The aim of the study was to evaluate the presence of the cuboid facet in ancient and recent populations, its relationship with the dimensi ons of the midtarsal bones and its role in the biomechanics of the gait. 354 pairs of naviculars and other tarsal bones from historical an d contemporary populations from Catalonia, Spain, have been studied. We used nine measurements applied to the talus, navicular, and cuboid to che k its relationship with facet presence. To analyze biomechanical parameters of the facet, X-ray cinematography was used in living pat ients. The results showed that about 50 % of individuals developed this surface without differences about sex or series. We also obser ved larger sagittal lengths of the talar facet (LSAGTAL) in navicular bones with cuboid facet. No significant differences were found in th e bones contact during any of the phases of the gait. After revising its presence in hominins and non-human primates, and its implicati on n the bipedalism and modern gait, we suggest that cuboid facet might be related with the size of talar facet and the position of the talonavicular joint. However, other factors such as geographical conditions, genetics and stressful activities probably affect its pres nce too.

Morphological and Biomechanical Implications of Cuboid Facet of the Navicular Bone in the Gait