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The failure of fusion of nasal and maxillary processes results in cleft lip and palate (CLP), which is one of the most common birth defects. The morphopathogenesis of this pathology is multifactorial and still largely unclear. The aim of this stu dy was to evaluate the presence of nestin, transcriptor factor SOX3 (Sox3) and homeobox protein DLX-4 (Dlx-4) in complete unilateral (CU) and complete bilateral (CB) CLP affected facial tissue. Oral mucosa tissue samples were obtained from 17 CUCLP and 13 CBCLP patient s during surgical cleft correction and 6 unaffected control subjects. Obtained tissue sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin and by immunohistochemistry for nestin, Sox3 and Dlx-4. The intensity of staining was graded semiquantitatively. Nestin-positive st ructures were detected in all CUCLP and CBCLP patients’ tissue samples, varying from moderate number of nestin-positive structures to nu merous. Sox3 immunoreactivity was more prominent in epithelial cells in both patient groups with frequently patchy distribution. Mainly moderate number of Dlx-4-positive cells was observed in most of tissue samples. Statistically ignificant moderate positive correlation was found between nestin and Sox3 factors in CUCLP patient group (Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient = .517, P = .034). Increase of nestinpositive structures suggests its role in the regulation of the remodeling of tissue in both CUCLP and CBCLP affected tissue. Do m nance of Sox3 positivity in cleft affected epithelium indicates its possible role in (compensatory) formation of defective oral epith elium of CUCLP and CBCLP patients. The reduced expression of Dlx-4 implicates its limited regulatory role on the craniofacial developmen t in CUCLP and CBCLP affected tissue.

Expression of Nestin, Transcription Factor SOX3 and Homeobox Protein DLX-4 in the Facial Tissue of Children with Cleft Lip and Palate