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The tsunami unleashed by the great earthquake of moment magnitude 9.3 in the AndamanSumatran subduction zone on 26 December 2004 caused massive loss of life and damage to property along two-thirds of the coastline of Sri Lanka as well as in several other countries. However, even casual inspection of the devastation in the affected parts of the coastline around the country reveals that the extent of tsunami damage is not uniform: some areas suffered extensive damage, while damage in other areas was less and in certain other areas of the coastline there is no damage at all. Therefore, a detailed assessment of the onshore distance within which significant damage has been caused by the recent tsunami may provide some helpful guidance to identify, among other things, high-hazard as well as low-hazard site areas. This field information should be supplemented with further inundation data from mathematical simulation of other possible scenarios of coastal flooding due to tsunamis as well as storm surges. It must be noted that, storm surges, although not potentially as destructive as a major tsunami, can be comparatively more frequent. Therefore, inundation maps indicating the extent of the coastal strip that would be affected by potential events of both tsunamis and storm surges ought to be prepared, preferably for different recurrence intervals.

Indian Ocean tsunami on 26 December 2004: distribution of tsunami height and inundation along the coastline of Sri Lanka