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The Marrat and Lower Dhruma formations were deposited during a period of transition between tectonic inversion and differential subsidence in the Late Triassic, followed by rifting of Gondwana in the early Middle Jurassic. This is reflected by a switch from predominantly fluvio-deltaic clastics of the Minjur Formation, to mixed carbonates and clastics of the Dhruma Formation, and the establishment of platform carbonates of the Tuwaiq Mountain Formation. Note that the Marrat and Dhruma formations were originally defined from field work in Saudi Arabia in the 1950s. These definitions differ from those currently used in the subsurface of Kuwait, where the Lower Dhruma of Saudi Arabia is called the “Upper Marrat.” This is a source of considerable confusion. Within an outcrop belt to the southwest of Riyadh, and within the subsurface of the Rub’ al-Khali Basin, the Marrat and Lower Dhruma formations consist of north-easterly prograding fluvio-deltaic sandstones, alternating with finer grained paralic to shallow marine sandstones, mottled red to purple pedogenic siltstones, dark lagoonal mudstones and sandy dolomitic limestones. Within the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia, these formations consist of clean shelfal limestone, alternating with thin interbedded argillaceous lagoonal limestones.

proceedings

A New Reference Section for the Lower to Middle Jurassic Southwest of Riyadh: Detailed Stratigraphic Architecture and Regional Correlation with the Subsurface of Saudi Arabia and Kuwait