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Dual motor innervation by the bilateral recurrent laryngeal nerves (RLNs) has been demonstrated in the human arytenoid muscle (AR). Whether AR of the dog receives dual motor innervation remains to be cleared yet, although the canine larynx is frequently used in experimental studies. To answer this question, the author observed the muscular structure in detail and anastomotic nerve branch between the bilateral RLNs, and then carried out glycogen depletion experiments on AR of dog compared with typical unpaired ARs of monkey and of guinea pig. 1) Muscular structure AR of the dog consisted of three parts of muscle bundles: the transverse arytenoid muscle (TVA), ventricular muscle (VT) and anonymous small bundle provisionally named the smaller interarytenoid muscle (IAm). While TVA and VT were paired type, IAm was unpaired type and lay horizontally on the dorsal aspect of the sesamoid cartilage around the midline. So the canine AR displayed a trigastric muscle as a whole. 2) Anastomotic nerve branch By the vital staining with methylene blue, the arytenoid branch of canine RLN ramified in three directions: anteriorly to the bellies of TVA and VT, medially to the anastomotic branch and superomedially to IAm. By the silver impregnation method of Barker and Ip, the bilateral IAm ramuli were found to form collateral anastomoses and terminate disorderly on the individual fibers. 3) Glycogen depletion experiments When an electrical stimulation was applied to the unilateral RLN in the monkey and the guinea pig, about one half of AR fibers were unstained with PAS staining and, in turn, these unstained fibers were known to be innervated by the ipsilateral RLN. While these unpaired ARs receive dual motor innervation as a whole muscle, every individual fiber is innervated by the unilateral RLN. In the canine VT and TVA, almost 90% of fibers were depleted of glycogen on the belly of the stimulated side, while the reverse was on the nonstimulated side. This finding suggests that most fibers of canine VT and TVA are ipsilaterally and the remaining fibers are contralaterally innervated. About one half of fibers of IAm were unstained and the others were stained. This pattern was similar to that observed in the monkey and the guinea pig. Therefore, IAm receives dual motor innervation from both RLNs as a whole muscle.

Motor innervation of the canine arytenoid muscle.