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Objective.  To investigate the pathophysiological effect of interleukin 6 (IL-6) on lupus nephritis in MRL- Fas lpr  mice.    Methods.  We generated IL-6-deficient MRL- Fas lpr  mice using a backcross/intercross breeding scheme. Renal pathology was evaluated using immunohistochemistry detection for macrophages, lymphocytes, vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), and TUNEL (terminal deoxynucleotide transferase-mediated dUTP nick end-labeling) for apoptotic cells, and renal IgG and C3 deposition by immunofluorescence staining. Expression of inflammatory markers in the spleen was analyzed by quantitative real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Serum cytokine concentrations were detected by FACS analysis.    Results.  IL-6 deficiency was highly effective in prolonging survival and ameliorating the clinical, immunological, and histological indicators of murine systemic lupus erythematosus. During the study period of 6 months, MRL- Fas lpr  IL-6 −/− mice showed delayed onset of proteinuria and hematuria compared to IL-6-intact control mice. Survival rate was 100% in IL-6-deficient MRL- Fas lpr  mice and 25% in the control group at 6 months of age. The absence of IL-6 resulted in significant reduction of infiltrating macrophages in the kidney (p &lt; 0.05), a decrease in renal IgG and C3 deposition, and a reduction of CD4+ and CD8+ lymphocytes. The parenchymal adhesion molecule VCAM-1 was found to be downregulated in kidneys of MRL- Fas lpr  IL-6 −/− compared to IL-6-intact mice. We found elevated serum levels of IL-10 and interferon-γ in IL-6-deficient mice, while splenic mRNA showed an overall downregulation of immunoregulatory genes.    Conclusion.  IL-6 is a strong promoter of lupus nephritis and may be a promising new therapeutic target in the treatment of human lupus nephritis.

the journal of rheumatology/journal of rheumatology

Interleukin 6 (IL-6) Deficiency Delays Lupus Nephritis in MRL-<i>Fas<sup>lpr</sup></i>Mice: The IL-6 Pathway as a New Therapeutic Target in Treatment of Autoimmune Kidney Disease in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

Interleukin 6 (IL-6) Deficiency Delays Lupus Nephritis in MRL-FaslprMice: The IL-6 Pathway as a New Therapeutic Target in Treatment of Autoimmune Kidney Disease in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

Interleukin 6 (IL-6) Deficiency Delays Lupus Nephritis in MRL-Fas^lprMice: The IL-6 Pathway as a New Therapeutic Target in Treatment of Autoimmune Kidney Disease in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus