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Thirty-three species of aphids are now established in New Caledonia. All species appear to have been introduced accidentally by human activity in the last century. Here, 17 aphid species are recorded for the first time:    Aphis   eugeniae   ,    Aphis   glycines   ,    Aphis   odinae   ,    Aulacorthum   solani   ,    Brachycaudus   helichrysi   ,    Cerataphis   orchidearum   ,    Greenidea   psidii   ,    Hyperomyzus   carduellinus   ,    Hysteroneura   setariae   ,    Lipaphis   pseudobrassicae   ,    Micromyzus   katoi   ,    Myzus   ornatus   ,    Pentalonia   caladii   ,    Rhopalosiphum   nymphaeae   ,    Rhopalosiphum   rufiabdominale   ,    Schizaphis   rotundiventris   , and    Tetraneura   fusiformis   . Thirteen more species are also more or less regularly intercepted at the borders through biosecurity surveys, without further establishment. This demonstrates that aphids represent a major biosecurity threat, including a threat as potential plant virus vectors. The reinforcement of biosecurity is a priority for such biodiversity hotspots, from the perspectives of both agriculture and the native environment. Prioritisation and promotion of local development of vegetable and fruit production, rather than their risky importation from abroad, is desirable. Such an approach also should be promoted and extended to other Pacific islands, which all share the lack of native aphid fauna and their associated plant disease vector risks.

New data on the aphid ( Hemiptera , Aphididae ) fauna of New Caledonia: some new biosecurity threats in a biodiversity hotspot