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Gorgonian specimens collected from the California Bight (northeastern Pacific Ocean) and adjacent areas held in the collection of the  Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History  ( SBMNH ) were reviewed and evaluated for species identification; much of this material is of historic significance as a large percentage of the specimens were collected by the Allan Hancock Foundation ( AHF ) ‘Velero’ Expeditions of 1931–1941 and 1948–1985. Examination and reorganization of this collection began early in 2002; initially, it was estimated that at most, twelve to fifteen species of gorgonian could be found within the Bight. Following collection evaluation, it was determined that at a minimum, approximately twenty three genera, encompassing some forty-plus species, of gorgonian coral have been found living within the California Bight region, often extending some distance into adjacent geographical areas both north and south. All species from the California Bight in the collection are discussed to some degree (in three separate parts, this being Part I), with digital images of both colony form and sclerite composition provided for most. Collection specimens from the suborders and families covered in Part I are not extensive, but several genera are featured that have not been previously reported for the California Bight region. Additionally, a potential new species (genus    Sibogagorgia    Stiasny, 1937) from the   Paragorgiidae   is described in Part I. Overall, the collection displays an emphasis on species belonging to the   Holaxonia  , particularly the plexaurids. A brief discussion of a California Bight grouping, referred to as the “red whips,” is presented in Part II; this grouping encompasses several species with very similar colony appearance across a number of genera. A new species (a whip or thread-like form) in the genus    Eugorgia    Verrill, 1868, belonging to the   Gorgoniidae  , is described in Part II. The genus    Swiftia    Duchassaing &amp; Michelotti, 1864 is one of the most challenging taxon groups represented; those species in the genus    Swiftia    collected within the California Bight are discussed fully, based on  SBMNH  (and other) specimens in Part III. Scanning electron microscopy images for species of    Swiftia    from the California coast have rarely, if ever, been published and are included, with a discussion of the geographic range of the genus in the eastern Pacific, from the southern boundary of the California Bight to the Bering Sea, Alaska. Finally, specimens of the genus    Thesea    Duchassaing &amp; Michelotti, 1860, displaying a whip or thread-like body form, are discussed at a preliminary level in Part III; they also presented challenges to a clear understanding of their taxonomy. While Part I focuses on species of   Scleraxonia   and those of the   Holaxonia   in the   Acanthogorgiidae   family held in the  SBMNH  collection, all three parts taken together represent the first comprehensive work that reviews the research collection of  SBMNH , which focuses on species of gorgonian coral known to inhabit the California Bight.

zookeys

A review of gorgonian coral species (  Cnidaria  ,   Octocorallia  ,   Alcyonacea  ) held in the Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History research collection: focus on species from   Scleraxonia  ,   Holaxonia  , and   Calcaxonia   – Part I: Introduction, species of   Scleraxonia   and   Holaxonia   (Family   Acanthogorgiidae  )