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Paratetilla   bacca    (Selenka, 1867) and    Cinachyrella   australiensis    (Carter, 1886) occur in a broad range of marine environments and are allegedly widely distributed species in the Indo-Pacific. We coin the term ‘moon sponges’ for these species as they are spherical in shape with numerous porocalices resembling the lunar surface. Both species have a complex taxonomic history with high synonymization, in particular by  Burton (1934 ,  1959 ). An examination of the junior synonyms proposed by  Burton (1934 ,  1959 ) was conducted to establish the validity of the names. More than 230 specimens from Naturalis Biodiversity Center were reviewed that belong to the genera    Paratetilla    and    Cinachyrella    from marine lakes, coral reefs, and mangroves in Indonesia. The aim of the current study was to untangle the taxonomic history, describe the collection of moon sponges from Indonesia, and develop a key. We extensively reviewed the taxonomic literature as well as holotypes of most of the species synonymized by Burton. The taxonomic history of    Paratetilla    spp. and    Cinachyrella   australiensis    showed some cases of misinterpreted synonyms, misidentifications, and lack of detailed descriptions for some species. The conclusion of the revision is that there are three valid species of    Paratetilla    (   P.   arcifera   ,    P.   bacca   , and    P.   corrugata   ) and four valid species of    Cinachyrella    (   C.   australiensis   ,    C.   porosa   ,    C.   paterifera   , and    C.   schulzei   ) in Indonesia. This is furthermore corroborated by molecular work from previous studies.    Paratetilla   arcifera    Wilson 1925  and    C.   porosa    (Lendenfeld, 1888) are resurrected. A full review of taxonomic history is provided as well as a key for identification of moon sponges from Indonesia. All species are sympatric and we expect that there are undescribed species remaining within the   Tetillidae   from the Indo-Pacific. Our current review provides the framework from which to describe new species in the genera    Paratetilla    and    Cinachyrella    from the Indo-Pacific.

zookeys

Unravelling the moons: review of the genera    Paratetilla    and    Cinachyrella    in the Indo-Pacific (  Demospongiae  ,   Tetractinellida  ,   Tetillidae  )