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We describe a new species of dung beetle,    Epactoides   giganteus    sp. nov. , from a single female specimen allegedly collected in the 19 th  century on Réunion island and recently found at the Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, Paris. This species differs from other species of    Epactoides    by larger size and a set of other distinctive morphological characters.    Epactoides   giganteus    sp. nov.  is the first native dung beetle (  Scarabaeinae  ) of Réunion, and its discovery expands the known area of distribution of the genus    Epactoides   , which was hitherto believed to be endemic to Madagascar. Like other taxa from Madagascar and peripheral islands (e.g., Comoro, Seychelles, Mascarenes),    E.   giganteus    sp. nov.  may have reached Réunion by over-water dispersal. Given the rapid loss of biodiversity on Réunion island and the fact that no additional specimens were re-collected over the last two centuries, it is very likely that    E.   giganteus    sp. nov.  has gone extinct. However, we have unconfirmed evidence that the holotype of    E.   giganteus    sp. nov.  might be a mislabeled specimen from Madagascar, which would refute the presence of native dung beetles on Réunion. We discuss both hypotheses about the specimen origin and assess the systematic position of    E.   giganteus    sp. nov.  by examining most of the described species of Madagascan    Epactoides   . Additionally, we provide a brief overview of the dung beetle fauna of Mascarene Archipelago.

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Extinct before discovered?    Epactoides   giganteus    sp. nov. (  Coleoptera  ,   Scarabaeidae  ,   Scarabaeinae  ), the first native dung beetle to Réunion island