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Tree snails in the family   Partulidae   are widespread across the tropical Pacific, with endemic species occurring on most high islands. Partulid species have faced catastrophic range reductions and extinctions due primarily to introduced predators. Consequently, most extant species are threatened with imminent extinction. The U.S. administered Mariana Islands, consisting of Guam in the South and the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands ( CNMI ) in the north, historically harbored six endemic partulid species, half of which are thought to be extinct. While conducting a phylogenetic assessment of    Partula   gibba   , an extant tree-snail with a range spanning at least seven islands within the archipelago, it was discovered that what has been identified as    P.   gibba    on the island of Rota is a misidentified cryptic species. Here we use molecular phylogenetics, shell morphometrics and reproductive anatomy to describe it as a new species,    Partula   lutaensis    sp. nov. . Because the new species has suffered population declines and has a restricted range, consisting solely of the small island of Rota, we highlight the urgent need for conservation measures.

The tree snail on Rota Island, Northern Mariana Islands, long identified as Partula gibba ( Partulidae ), is a different species