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Climate, land-use, and invasive plants are among the important drivers of ecosystem functions through the changes in functional composition. In this study, we studied the effects of climate (drought), land-use (Biochar application), and the presence of invasive species on the productivity and performance of invaded experimental grasslands. We ran a greenhouse experiment under controlled conditions, in which we grew a combination of the three native species    Silene   gallica   ,    Brassica   nigra    and    Phalaris   minor    and the invasive species    Avena   fatua   , being subjected to four different treatments: Biochar+drought, Biochar, drought, and control. We measured the productivity of native and invasive species as total biomass and root to shoot ratio ( RSR ) and the performance by measuring several plant functional traits (plant height, specific leaf area ( SLA ), leaf dry matter content ( LDMC ), leaf nitrogen content (N mass ), leaf carbon content (C mass ) and total chlorophyll (Chl total ) of all individuals occurring in each plot. The study showed that invasive species were more productive (higher total biomass and lower  RSR ) and performed better (taller plants, higher  SLA , N mass , C mass  and Chl total  and lower  LDMC ) than the native species under drought conditions as well as with Biochar application. Accordingly, in contrast to our expectations, the lower productivity and performance of native compared to invasive species under drought were not mitigated by Biochar application. These results provided a deeper understanding of the interplay between climate, land-use, and biological invasion, which is crucial for predicting the consequences of changes in functional composition on ecosystem functions and consequently restoration of grasslands.

﻿Biochar application can mitigate the negative impacts of drought in invaded experimental grasslands as shown by a functional traits approach

Biochar application can mitigate the negative impacts of drought in invaded experimental grasslands as shown by a functional traits approach