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AbstractThe widespread presence of North American alien crayfish in Europe is a major driver of native crayfish population declines, mainly because they are chronic carriers of the oomycete    Aphanomyces   astaci    responsible for crayfish plague. Screening for the crayfish plague pathogen in host populations has become a common practice across Europe, but sampling usually covers spatial but not temporal variation. Our study focuses on the current situation in Czechia, where screening for    A.   astaci    was first conducted in the mid-2000s. We provide data about the distribution and prevalence of this pathogen at almost 50 sites with three host crayfish: the spiny-cheek crayfish    Faxonius   limosus   , signal crayfish    Pacifastacus   leniusculus   , and marbled crayfish    Procambarus   virginalis   . Among these sites were 20 localities that were resampled several years (usually more than a decade) after the original screening for    A.   astaci   . We did not detect any    A.   astaci    infection in two studied    P.   virginalis    populations but documented several new hotspots of highly infected    P.   leniusculus    in Czechia, and the first site with the coexistence of the latter with    F.   limosus   . Our data suggest that despite some fluctuations,    A.   astaci    prevalence in North American host populations generally does not tend to change significantly over time; we only observed two cases of a significant increase and one of a significant decrease. We no longer detected    A.   astaci    in several originally weakly infected populations, but our data suggest it likely still persists in these areas and threatens native crayfish populations. At the single known site in the country where    P.   leniusculus    and    F.   limosus    coexist, we documented the presence of the same    A.   astaci    genotype group in both crayfish species, likely due to interspecific transmission of the pathogen from the former host to the latter. However, genotyping of    A.   astaci    in infected host individuals still supported the link between specific pathogen genotypes and crayfish hosts, suggesting that assessment of sources of mass mortalities from the pathogen genotyping is feasible in European regions where the mutual contact of different American crayfish species is uncommon.

﻿Long-term changes in the prevalence of the crayfish plague pathogen and its genotyping in invasive crayfish species in Czechia

Long-term changes in the prevalence of the crayfish plague pathogen and its genotyping in invasive crayfish species in Czechia