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Using the PMO-13.7m millimeter telescope at Delingha in China, we haveconducted a large-scale simultaneous survey of $^{12}$CO, $^{13}$CO, andC$^{18}$O J=1-0 emission toward the Rosette molecular cloud (RMC) region with asky coverage of 3.5 $\times$ 2.5 deg$^2$. The majority of the emission in theregion comes from the RMC complex with velocities lying in the range from -2 kms$^{-1}$ to 20.5 km s$^{-1}$. Beyond this velocity range, 73 molecular clumpsare identified with kinematic distances from 2.4 kpc to 11 kpc. Based on thespatial and velocity distribution, nine individual clouds, C1-C9, have beenidentified for the RMC complex. It appears that the C3 cloud is different fromother clouds in the RMC complex in view of its characteristic velocity,excitation temperature, and velocity dispersion. Most of the young stellarclusters in the region are located in positions of both high column density andhigh excitation temperature. Seven new molecular filaments are discovered inthe RMC complex. Evidence for cloud-cloud collision is found in the region ofyoung stellar clusters REFL9 and PouF, showing that these young stellarclusters probably result from a cloud-cloud collision. The abundance ratios of$^{13}$CO to C$^{18}$O in the region have a mean value of 13.7 which is 2.5times larger than the solar system value, showing that UV photons from thenearby OB clusters have strong influence on the chemistry of clouds in the RMCcomplex.

A large-scale survey of CO and its isotopologues toward the Rosette molecular cloud