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We introduce xCOLD GASS, a legacy survey providing a census of molecular gasin the local Universe. Building upon the original COLD GASS survey, we presenthere the full sample of 532 galaxies with CO(1-0) measurements from theIRAM-30m telescope. The sample is mass-selected in the redshift interval$0.01<z<0.05$ from SDSS, and therefore representative of the local galaxypopulation with M$_{\ast}>10^9$M$_{\odot}$. The CO(1-0) flux measurements arecomplemented by observations of the CO(2-1) line with both the IRAM-30m andAPEX telescopes, HI observations from Arecibo, and photometry from SDSS, WISEand GALEX. Combining the IRAM and APEX data, we find that the CO(2-1) toCO(1-0) luminosity ratio for integrated measurements is $r_{21}=0.79\pm0.03$,with no systematic variations across the sample. The CO(1-0) luminosityfunction is constructed and best fit with a Schechter function with parameters{$L_{\mathrm{CO}}^* = (7.77\pm2.11) \times 10^9\,\mathrm{K\,km\,s^{-1}\,pc^{2}}$, $\phi^{*} = (9.84\pm5.41) \times 10^{-4} \, \mathrm{Mpc^{-3}}$ and$\alpha = -1.19\pm0.05$}. With the sample now complete down to stellar massesof $10^9$M$_{\odot}$, we are able to extend our study of gas scaling relationsand confirm that both molecular gas fraction and depletion timescale vary withspecific star formation rate (or offset from the star-formation main sequence)much more strongly than they depend on stellar mass. Comparing the xCOLD GASSresults with outputs from hydrodynamic and semi-analytic models, we highlightthe constraining power of cold gas scaling relations on models of galaxyformation.

xCOLD GASS: the complete IRAM-30m legacy survey of molecular gas for galaxy evolution studies