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Using the Australian Square Kilometre Array Pathfinder to measure 21-cmabsorption spectra toward continuum background sources, we study the cool phaseof the neutral atomic gas in the far outer disk, and in the inner Galaxy nearthe end of the Galactic bar at longitude 340 degrees. In the inner Galaxy thecool atomic gas has a smaller scale height than in the solar neighborhood,similar to the molecular gas and the superthin stellar population in the bar.In the outer Galaxy the cool atomic gas is mixed with the warm, neutral medium,with the cool fraction staying roughly constant with Galactic radius. The meanspin temperature, i.e. the ratio of the emission brightness temperature to theabsorption, is roughly constant for velocities corresponding to Galactic radiusgreater than about twice the solar circle radius. The ratio has a value ofabout 300 K, but this does not correspond to a physical temperature in the gas.If the gas causing the absorption has kinetic temperature of about 100 K, as inthe solar neighborhood, then the value 300 K indicates that the fraction of thegas mass in this phase is one-third of the total HI mass.

GASKAP Pilot Survey Science II: ASKAP Zoom Observations of Galactic 21-cm Absorption