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Knowledge of electric fields in the photosphere is required to calculate theelectromagnetic energy flux through the photosphere and set up boundaryconditions for data-driven magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) simulations of solareruptions. Recently, the PDFI_SS method for inversions of electric fields froma sequence of vector magnetograms and Doppler velocity measurements wasimproved to incorporate spherical geometry and a staggered-grid description ofvariables. The method was previously validated using synthetic data fromanelastic MHD (ANMHD) simulations. In this paper, we further validate thePDFI_SS method, using approximately one-hour long MHD simulation data ofmagnetic flux emergence from the upper convection zone into the solaratmosphere. We reconstruct photospheric electric fields and calculate thePoynting flux, and compare those to the actual values from the simulations. Wefind that the accuracy of the PDFI_SS reconstruction is quite good during theemergence phase of the simulated ephemeral active region evolution anddecreases during the shearing phase. Analysing our results, we conclude thatthe more complex nature of the evolution (compared to the previously studiedANMHD case) that includes the shearing evolution phase is responsible for theobtained accuracy decrease.

Validation of the PDFI_SS method for electric field inversions using a magnetic flux emergence simulation