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We present multi-band Hubble Space Telescope imaging that spans rest-framenear-ultraviolet through near-infrared wavelengths (0.3-1.1 $\mu$m) for 12compact starburst galaxies at z=0.4-0.8. These massive galaxies (M_stellar ~10^11 M_Sun) are driving very fast outflows ($v_{max}$=1000-3000 km/s), andtheir light profiles are dominated by an extremely compact starburst component(half-light radius ~ 100 pc). Our goal is to constrain the physical mechanismsresponsible for launching these fast outflows by measuring the physicalconditions within the central kiloparsec. Based on our stellar populationanalysis, the central component typically contributes $\approx$25% of the totalstellar mass and the central escape velocities $v_{esc,central}\approx900$ km/sare a factor of two smaller than the observed outflow velocities. This requiresphysical mechanisms that can accelerate gas to speeds significantly beyond thecentral escape velocities, and it makes clear that these fast outflows arecapable of traveling into the circumgalactic medium, and potentially beyond. Wefind central stellar densities comparable to theoretical estimates of theEddington limit, and we estimate $\Sigma_1$ surface densities within thecentral kpc comparable to those of compact massive galaxies at $0.5<z<3.0$.Relative to "red nuggets" and "blue nuggets" at $z\sim2$, we find significantlysmaller $r_e$ values at a given stellar mass, which we attribute to thedominance of a young stellar component in our sample and the better physicalresolution for rest-frame optical observations at $z\sim0.6$ versus $z\sim2$.We compare to theoretical scenarios involving major mergers and violent discinstability, and we speculate that our galaxies are progenitors of power-lawellipticals in the local universe with prominent stellar cusps.

astrophysical journal/the astrophysical journal

Compact Starburst Galaxies with Fast Outflows: Central Escape Velocities  and Stellar Mass Surface Densities from Multi-band Hubble Space Telescope  Imaging