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We compare the directions of molecular outflows of 62 low-mass Class 0 and Iprotostars in nearby (<450 pc) star-forming regions with the mean orientationsof the magnetic fields on 0.05-0.5 pc scales in the dense cores/clumps wherethey are embedded. The magnetic field orientations were measured using the JCMTPOL-2 data taken by the BISTRO-1 survey and from the archive. The outflowdirections were observed with interferometers in the literature. The observeddistribution of the angles between the outflows and the magnetic fields peaksbetween 15 and 35 degrees. After considering projection effects, our resultscould suggest that the outflows tend to be misaligned with the magnetic fieldsby 50+/-15 degrees in three-dimensional space and are less likely (but notruled out) randomly oriented with respect to the magnetic fields. There is nocorrelation between the misalignment and the bolometric temperatures in oursample. In several sources, the small-scale (1000-3000 au) magnetic fields ismore misaligned with the outflows than their large-scale magnetic fields,suggesting that the small-scale magnetic field has been twisted by thedynamics. In comparison with turbulent MHD simulations of core formation, ourobservational results are more consistent with models in which the energydensities in the magnetic field and the turbulence of the gas are comparable.Our results also suggest that the misalignment alone cannot sufficiently reducethe efficiency of magnetic braking to enable formation of the observed numberof large Keplerian disks with sizes larger than 30-50 au.

The JCMT BISTRO survey: alignment between outflows and magnetic fields in dense cores/clumps