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The launch of the James Webb Space Telescope will open up a new window forobservations at the highest redshifts, reaching out to z~15. However, even withthis new facility, the first stars will remain out of reach, as they are bornin small minihalos with luminosities too faint to be detected even by thelongest exposure times. In this paper, we investigate the basic properties ofthe Ultimately Large Telescope, a facility that can detect Population III starformation regions at high redshift. Observations will take place in thenear-infrared and therefore a moon-based facility is proposed. An instrumentneeds to reach magnitudes as faint as 39mag$_\mathrm{AB}$, corresponding to aprimary mirror size of about 100m in diameter. Assuming JWST NIRCam filters, weestimate that Pop III sources will have unique signatures in a colour-colourspace and can be identified unambiguously.

The Ultimately Large Telescope -- what kind of facility do we need to detect Population III stars?