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We present the results from a search for the electromagnetic counterpart ofthe LIGO/Virgo event S190510g using the Dark Energy Camera (DECam). S190510g isa binary neutron star (BNS) merger candidate of moderate significance detectedat a distance of 227$\pm$92 Mpc and localized within an area of 31 (1166)square degrees at 50\% (90\%) confidence. While this event was later classifiedas likely non-astrophysical in nature within 30 hours of the event, our shortlatency search and discovery pipeline identified 11 counterpart candidates, allof which appear consistent with supernovae following offline analysis andspectroscopy by other instruments. Later reprocessing of the images enabled therecovery of 6 more candidates. Additionally, we implement our candidateselection procedure on simulated kilonovae and supernovae under DECam observingconditions (e.g., seeing, exposure time) with the intent of quantifying oursearch efficiency and making informed decisions on observing strategy forfuture similar events. This is the first BNS counterpart search to employ acomprehensive simulation-based efficiency study. We find that using the currentfollow-up strategy, there would need to be 19 events similar to S190510g for usto have a 99\% chance of detecting an optical counterpart, assuming aGW170817-like kilonova. We further conclude that optimization of observingplans, which should include preference for deeper images over multiple colorinformation, could result in up to a factor of 1.5 reduction in the totalnumber of followups needed for discovery.

A DESGW Search for the Electromagnetic Counterpart to the LIGO/Virgo Gravitational Wave Binary Neutron Star Merger Candidate S190510g