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Rotational modulations of emission spectra in brown dwarf and exoplanetatmospheres show that clouds are often distributed non-uniformly in theseultracool atmospheres. The spatial heterogeneity in cloud distributiondemonstrates the impact of atmospheric dynamics on cloud formation andevolution. In this study, we update the Hubble Space Telescope (HST)time-series data analysis of the previously reported rotational modulations ofWISEP J004701+680352 -- an unusually red late-L brown dwarf with a spectrumsimilar to that of the directly imaged planet HR8799e. We construct aself-consistent spatially heterogeneous cloud model to explain the Hubble SpaceTelescope and the Spitzer time-series observations, as well as thetime-averaged spectra of WISE0047. In the heterogeneous cloud model, a cloudthickness variation of around one pressure scale height explains the wavelengthdependence in the HST near-IR spectral variability. By including disequilibriumCO/$CH_4$ chemistry, our models also reproduce the redder $J-K_{\rm s}$ colorof WISE0047 compared to that of field brown dwarfs. We discuss the impact ofvertical cloud structure on atmospheric profile and estimate the minimum eddydiffusivity coefficient for other objects with redder colors. Our data analysisand forward modeling results demonstrate that time-series spectrophotometrywith a broad wavelength coverage is a powerful tool for constrainingheterogeneous atmospheric structure.

Cloud Atlas: Unraveling the vertical cloud structure with the time-series spectrophotometry of an unusually red brown dwarf