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Spark gaps are likely the source of plasma in active black hole (BH)magnetospheres. In this paper, we present results of 1D general-relativisticparticle-in-cell simulations of a starved BH magnetosphere with a realistictreatment of inverse Compton scattering and pair production, for a broad rangeof conditions, run times longer than in previous studies, and different setups.We find that following the initial discharge, the system undergoes gradualevolution over prolonged time until either, restoring the vacuum state orreaching a state of quasi-periodic oscillations, depending on the spectralshape and luminosity of the ambient radiation field. The oscillations occurnear the null charge surface in cases where the global magnetospheric currentis in the direction defined by the product of the asymptotic Goldreich-Juliancharge density and the radial velocity, while they occur near the boundary ofthe simulation box when it is the opposite direction (return current). Theiramplitude and the resultant luminosity of TeV photons emitted from the gapdepend sensitively on the conditions; for the cases studied here the ratio ofTeV luminosity to the Blandford-Znajek power ranges from $10^{-5}$ to$10^{-2}$, suggesting that strong flares may be generated by moderate changesin disk emission. We also examined the dependence of the solution on theinitial number of particles per cell (PPC) and found convergence for PPC ofabout 50 for the cases examined. At lower PPC values the pair multiplicity isfound to be artificially high, affecting the solution considerably.

Comprehensive analysis of magnetospheric gaps around Kerr black holes using 1D GRPIC simulations