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The Kelvin-Helmholtz instability is a ubiquitous physical process in ordinaryfluids and plasmas, frequently observed also in space environments. In thispaper, kinetic effects at proton scales in the nonlinear and turbulent stage ofthe Kelvin-Helmholtz instability have been studied in magnetized collisionlessplasmas by means of Hybrid Vlasov-Maxwell simulations. The main goal of thiswork is to point out the back reaction on particles triggered by the evolutionof such instability, as energy reaches kinetic scales along the turbulentcascade. Interestingly, turbulence is inhibited when Kelvin-Helmholtzinstability develops over an initial state which is not an exact equilibriumstate. On the other hand, when an initial equilibrium condition is considered,energy can be efficiently transferred towards short scales, reaches the typicalproton wavelengths and drives the dynamics of particles. As a consequence ofthe interaction of particles with the turbulent fluctuating fields, the protonvelocity distribution deviates significantly from the local thermodynamicequilibrium, the degree of deviation increasing with the level of turbulence inthe system and being located near regions of strong magnetic stresses. Thesenumerical results support recent space observations from the MagnetosphericMultiScale mission of ion kinetic effects driven by the turbulent dynamics atthe Earth's magnetosheath (Perri et al., 2020, JPlPh, 86, 905860108) and by theKelvin-Helmholtz instability in the Earth's magnetosphere (Sorriso-Valvo etal., 2019, PhRvL, 122, 035102).

Kelvin-Helmholtz instability at proton scales with an exact kinetic equilibrium