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We present hitherto the largest sample of gas-phase metallicity radialgradients measured at sub-kiloparsec resolution in star-forming galaxies in theredshift range of $z\in[1.2, 2.3]$. These measurements are enabled by thesynergy of slitless spectroscopy from the Hubble Space Telescope near-infraredchannels and the lensing magnification from foreground galaxy clusters. Oursample consists of 76 galaxies with stellar mass ranging from 10$^7$ to10$^{10}$ $M_\odot$, instantaneous star-formation rate in the range of [1, 100]$M_\odot$/yr, and global metallicity [$\frac{1}{12}$, 2] solar. At 2-$\sigma$confidence level, 15/76 galaxies in our sample show negative radial gradients,whereas 7/76 show inverted gradients. Combining ours and all other metallicitygradients obtained at similar resolution currently available in the literature,we measure a negative mass dependence of $\Delta\log({\rm O/H})/\Delta r~[\mathrm{dex~kpc^{-1}}] = \left(-0.020\pm0.007\right) +\left(-0.016\pm0.008\right) \log(M_\ast/10^{9.4} M_\odot)$ with the intrinsicscatter being $\sigma=0.060\pm0.006$ over four orders of magnitude in stellarmass. Our result is consistent with strong feedback, not secular processes,being the primary governor of the chemo-structural evolution of star-forminggalaxies during the disk mass assembly at cosmic noon. We also find that theintrinsic scatter of metallicity gradients increases with decreasing stellarmass and increasing specific star-formation rate. This increase in theintrinsic scatter is likely caused by the combined effect of cold-mode gasaccretion and merger-induced starbursts, with the latter more predominant inthe dwarf mass regime of $M_\ast\lesssim10^9 M_\odot$.

A Census of Sub-kiloparsec Resolution Metallicity Gradients in Star-forming Galaxies at Cosmic Noon from HST Slitless Spectroscopy