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We present the first complete, velocity-resolved [CII] 158um image of the M51grand-design spiral galaxy, observed with the upGREAT instrument on SOFIA.[CII] is an important tracer of various phases of the interstellar medium(ISM), including ionized gas, neutral atomic, and diffuse molecular regions. Wecombine the [CII] data with HI, CO, 24um dust continuum, FUV, and near-infraredK-band observations to study the evolution of the ISM across M51's spiral armsin both position-position, and position-velocity space. Our data show strongvelocity gradients in HI, 12CO, and [CII] at the locations of stellar arms(traced by K--band data) with a clear offset in position-velocity space betweenupstream molecular gas (traced by 12CO) and downstream star formation (tracedby [CII]). We compare the observed position--velocity maps across spiral armswith synthetic observations from numerical simulations of galaxies with bothdynamical and quasi-stationary steady spiral arms that predict both tangentialand radial velocities at the location of spiral arms. We find that ourobservations, based on the observed velocity gradients and associated offsetbetween CO and [CII], are consistent with the presence of shocks in spiral armsin the inner parts of M51 and in the arm connecting the companion galaxy, M51b,in the outer parts of M51.

A SOFIA Survey of [CII] in the galaxy M51 II. [CII] and CO kinematics across spiral arms