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Life has had a dramatic impact on the composition of Earth's atmosphere overtime, which suggests that statistical studies of other inhabited planets'atmospheres could reveal how they co-evolve with life. While many evolutionarypathways are possible for inhabited worlds, a possible starting hypothesis isthat most of them evolve similarly to Earth, which we propose could lead to apositive "age-oxygen correlation" between the ages of inhabited planets and thefraction which have oxygen-rich atmospheres. We demonstrate thatnext-generation space observatories currently under consideration could testthis hypothesis, but only if the stellar age distribution of the target sampleis carefully considered. We explore three possible parameterizations of theage-oxygen correlation, finding that they yield similar results. Finally, weexamine how abiotic oxygen sources could affect the results, and discuss howmeasuring the age-dependence of oxygen could shed light on whether it is areliable biosignature. Future efforts can expand upon this groundwork byincorporating detailed models of the redox balance of terrestrial planets andits dependence on stellar and planetary properties.

astrophysical journal/the astrophysical journal

Testing Earth-like atmospheric evolution on exo-Earths through oxygen  absorption: required sample sizes and the advantage of age-based target  selection