English (United Kingdom)

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/featured_content/oa?rat=en

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/highlighted_journal/

Global: Zendy Plus annual

Presents the access of premium content as premium feature

Premium Content

Presents the keyphrase highlighting as premium feature

Keyphrase Highlighting

Presents the summarisation as premium feature

Summarisation

Insights

Presents the pdf analysis as premium feature

PDF Analysis

Presents the zaia usage as premium feature

ZAIA

Global: Zendy Plus monthly

Global: Zendy Tools annual

Global: Zendy Tools monthly

Global: Zendy Free Plan

A comprehensive analysis of plasma and composition characteristics insidemagnetic clouds (MCs) observed by the Advanced Composition Explorer (ACE)spacecraft from 1998 February to 2011 August is presented. The results showthat MCs have specific interior structures, and MCs of different speeds showdifferences in composition and structure. Compared with the slow MCs, fast MCshave enhanced mean charge states of iron, oxygen, silicon, magnesium,$\mathrm{O^{7+}/O^{6+}}$, $\mathrm{C^{6+}/C^{5+}}$, $\mathrm{C^{6+}/C^{4+}}$and $\mathrm{Fe^{\geq16+}/Fe_{total}}$ values. For ionic species in fast MCs, ahigher atomic number represents a greater enhancement of mean charge state thanslow MCs. We also find that both the fast and slow MCs display bimodalstructure distribution in the mean iron charge state ($\mathrm{\langle Q\rangleFe}$), which suggests that the existence of flux rope prior to the eruption iscommon. Furthermore, the $\mathrm{\langle Q\rangle Fe} $,$\mathrm{Fe^{\geq16+}/Fe_{total}}$, and $\mathrm{O^{7+}/O^{6+}}$ ratiodistribution inside fast MCs have the feature that the posterior peak is higherthan the anterior one. This result agrees with the "standard model" forCME/flares, by which magnetic reconnection occurs beneath the flux rope,thereby ionizing the ions of the posterior part of flux rope sufficiently byhigh-energy electron collisions or by direct heating in the reconnectionregion.

A statistical study of the plasma and composition distribution inside magnetic clouds: 1998-2011