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The formation histories of lithium-rich and carbon-rich red giants are notyet understood. It has been proposed that the merger of a helium-core whitedwarf with a red giant branch star might provide a solution. We have computedan extended grid of post-merger evolution models and combined these withpredictions of binary star population synthesis. The results strongly supportthe proposal that the merger of a helium white dwarf with a red giant branchstar can provide the progenitors of both lithium-rich red clump stars andearly-R carbon stars. The distribution of post-merger models in $T_{\rm eff}$,$\log g$, $\log L$, the surface abundances of lithium and carbon, and thepredicted space densities agree well with the observed distributions of theseparameters for Li-rich and early-R stars in the Galaxy.

Population synthesis of helium white dwarf--red giant star mergers and the formation of lithium-rich giants and carbon stars