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Photometric and polarimetric observations toward type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia)frequently report an unusually low total-to-selective extinction ratio ($R_{\rmV} < 2$) and small peak wavelength of polarization ($\lambda_{\rm max}< 0.4 \mum$). Recently, Hoang et al. proposed that the increase in the abundance ofsmall grains relative to large grains near SNe Ia due to RAdiative TorqueDisruption (RATD) can explain this puzzle. To test this scenario, we willperform detailed modeling of dust extinction and polarization of SNe Iaaccounting for grain disruption by RATD and grain alignment by RAdiativeTorques (RATs). For dust clouds at distance $d< 4$ pc from the source, we findthat $R_{\rm V}$ decreases rapidly from the standard value of $3.1$ to $\sim1.5$ after a disruption time $t_{\rm disr}\le 40$ days. We then calculate theobserved SNe Ia light curve and find that the colors of SNe Ia would changewith time due to time-varying extinction for dust clouds at distance of $d<4$pc. We also calculate the wavelength-dependence polarization produced by grainsaligned with the magnetic fields by RATs. We find that $ \lambda_{\rm max}$decreases rapidly from $\sim 0.55 \mu$m to $\sim 0.15 \mu$m over an alignmenttime of $t_{\rm align}< 10$ days due to the enhanced alignment of small grains.By fitting the theoretical polarization curve with the Serkowski law, we findthat the parameter $K$ from the Serkowski law increases when large grains aredisrupted by RATD which can explain the $K$ vs. $\lambda_{\rm max}$ dataobserved for SNe Ia. Finally, we discover an anti-correlation between $K$ and$R_{\rm V}$ which might already be supported by SNe Ia observational data. Ourresults demonstrate the important effect of rotational disruption of dustgrains by radiative torques on the time-dependent extinction, polarization, andcolors of SNe Ia.

Time-Varying Extinction, Polarization, and Colors of Type Ia Supernovae due to Rotational Disruption of Dust Grains