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CO$_2$ ice has a phase transition at 35 K when its structure changes fromamorphous to crystalline. Using Reflection absorption Infrared Spectroscopy(RAIRS), \"Oberg et al. observed that the photodesorption yield of CO$_2$ icedeposited at 60 K and irradiated at 18 K is 40% lower than that of CO$_2$ icedeposited and irradiated at 18 K. In this work, CO$_2$ ices were deposited at16-60 K and UV-irradiated at 16 K to rule out the temperature effect and figureout the relationship between photodesorption yield and ice structure. IRspectroscopy is a common method used for measurement of the photodesorptionyield in ices. We found that undetectable C atoms produced in irradiated CO$_2$ice can account for 33% of the amount of depleted CO$_2$ molecules in the ice.A quantitative calibration of QMS was therefore performed to convert themeasured ion current into photodesorption yield. During various irradiationperiods, the dominant photodesorbing species were CO, O$_2$, and CO$_2$, andtheir photodesorption yields in CO$_2$ ices deposited at different temperatureconfigurations were almost the same, indicating that ice morphology has noeffect on the photodesorption yield of CO$_2$ ice. In addition, we found thatthe lower desorption yield reported by Mart\'in-Dom\'enech et al. is due to alinear relationship between the photodesorption yield and the combination ofenergy distribution of Microwave-Discharge Hydrogen-flow Lamp (MDHL) and UVabsorption cross section of ices.

On The Photodesorption of CO$_2$ Ice Analogues: The Formation of Atomic C in The Ice and the Effect of The VUV Emission Spectrume