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The streaming instability, as an example of instabilities driven by particlefeedback on a gas flow, has been proven to have a major role in controlling theformation of planetesimals. Here, we present experiments to approach thissituation in the laboratory for particles in the Knudsen flow regime. In theseexperiments, we observe a particle cloud trapped for about 30 s in a rotatingsystem under Earth's gravity. For average dust-to-gas ratios up to 0.08,particles behave like individual test particles. Their sedimentation speed isidentical to that of a single free-falling particle, even in locally denserregions. However, for higher dust-to-gas ratios, the motion of particlesbecomes sensitive to clumping. Particles in locally denser regions now sedimentfaster. Their sedimentation speed then depends linearly on the overalldust-to-gas ratio. This clearly shows a transition from tracerlike behavior tocollective behavior. Beyond these findings, these types of experiments can nowbe used as a gauge to test the particle feedback models in astrophysicalhydrocodes which are currently used for numerical simulations of streaminginstabilities.

Dense Particle Clouds in Laboratory Experiments in Context of Drafting and Streaming Instability