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The purpose of this paper is to show that large active regions (ARs) withdifferent magnetic configurations have different contributions to short-termand long-term variations of the Sun. As a case study, the complex $\delta$-typeAR 12673 and the simple $\beta$-type AR 12674 are investigated in detail. Sincethe axial dipole moment at cycle minimum determines the amplitude of thesubsequent cycle and space climate, we have assimilated the individual observedmagnetic configurations of these two ARs into a surface flux transport model tocompare their contributions to the axial dipole moment $D$. We find that AR12673 has a significant effect on $D$ at the end of the cycle, making it weakerbecause of the abnormal and complicated magnetic polarities. An initialstrongly positive $D$ ends up with a strongly negative value. The flare-poor AR12674 has a greater contribution to the long-term axial dipole moment than theflare-rich AR 12673. We then carry out a statistical analysis of ARs largerthan 800 $\mu$Hem from 1976 to 2017. We use the flare index FI and define anaxial dipole moment index DI to quantify the effects of each AR on spaceweather and space climate, respectively. Whereas the FI has a strong dependenceon the magnetic configuration, the DI shows no such dependence. The DI ismainly determined by the latitudinal location and the latitudinal separation ofthe positive and negative magnetic fluxes of the ARs. Simple ARs have the samepossibility as complex ARs to produce big DI values affecting space climate.

Different contributions to space weather and space climate from different big solar active regions