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The flat spectrum radio quasar CTA 102 (redshift 1.037) exhibited atremendously bright 4-months long outburst from late 2016 to early 2017. In aprevious paper, we interpreted the event as the ablation of a gas cloud by therelativistic jet. The multiwavelength data have been reproduced very wellwithin this model using a leptonic emission scenario. Here we expand that workby using a hadronic scenario, which gives us greater freedom with respect tothe location of the emission region within the jet. This is important, sincethe inferred gas cloud parameters depend on the distance from the black hole.While the hadronic model faces the problem of invoking super-Eddington jetluminosities, it reproduces well the long-term trend and also days-longsubflares. While the latter result in inferred cloud parameters that matchthose expected for clouds of the broad-line region, the long-term trend is notcompatible with such an interpretation. We explore the possibilities that thecloud is from the atmosphere of a red giant star or comes from a star-formingregion that passes through the jet. The latter could also explain the muchlonger-lasting activity phase of CTA 102 from late 2015 till early 2018.

The extended flare in CTA 102 in 2016 and 2017 within a hadronic model through cloud ablation by the relativistic jet