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Galaxy clusters can act as gravitational lenses to magnify the universebehind them, allowing us to see deep into the early universe. The Hubble SpaceTelescope Frontier Fields program (Lotz et al. 2017) uses six galaxy clustersimaged by Hubble to discover and study galaxies at z ~ 5-10. Seven independentteams developed lens models and derived magnifications for each galaxy cluster,based on positional and redshift constraints from the best available data atthe time. In this work we evaluate ten models for MACSJ0416.1-2403, which weremade public in 2015, by contrasting them with new spectroscopic redshifts thatwere measured in 2016 (Caminha et al. 2017). We developed an independentcomparison method that uses the source plane root-mean-square as a metric oflensing model performance. Our analysis quantifies the ability of models topredict unknown multiple images. We examine the source plane scatter ofmultiply-imaged systems and explore dependence of the scatter on the locationand the redshift of the background sources. The analysis we present evaluatesthe performance of the different algorithms in the specific case of theMACSJ0416.1-2403 models.

An Evaluation of 10 Lensing Models of the Frontier Fields Cluster MACSJ0416.1-2403